Moreover, the development of the ureteric structure and peristaltic contractions in organ colture can be prevented upon exposure to the c-Kit antibody, ACK45 ( David SG et al 2005), suggesting that ICC-LC play a crucial role in promoting pyeloureteric peristalsis. These cells are c-Kit-positive in upper urinary tract (UUT) of mouse and Human, c-kit-negative in guinea pig ( Lang JR et al 2002.) c- Kit immuno-reactivity also appears developmentally at the same time of coordinated unidirectional peristaltic contractions in mouse embryonic ureters in organ culture.

However, increasing evidence indicates that ICC-like cells (ICC-LC), displaying many of the morphological features of intestinal ICC and immuno-reactivity to antibodies raised against the c- Kit proto-oncogene, are present in the UPJ of a number of mammals. For the last 35 years, it has been thought that pyeloureteric autorhythmicity arises in specialized electrically active atypical smooth muscle cells (SMC) that have many of the morphological and electrical features of cardiac sino-atrial cells and are predominantly located in the proximal regions of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ). In the upper urinary tract, the mechanisms by which urine is transported from the kidney to the bladder remain little understood.

Location for bladder passmaker